Euro 2016: Stephen Ward's fitness hopes improve for Republic's France game

Stephen Ward's chances of playing in the Republic of Ireland's Euro 2016 match against hosts France on Sunday appear to have improved.

Ward, 30, injured an ankle during Wednesday's dramatic win over Italy but manager Martin O'Neill said on Saturday that the full-back was "doing well".

O'Neill added that Stoke forward Jonathan Walters, his other injury worry, was "progressing well".

Walters, 32, has missed their last two games because of an Achilles injury.

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O'Neill is likely to be keen to retain Ward at left-back and allow Robbie Brady, who scored in the 1-0 win over Italy that secured a place in the knockout stages, to be used in the more offensive role he adopted to such good effect on Werdnesday.

Inevitably, the pre-match discussion about Sunday's game in Lyon includes mention of the Republic's controversial World Cup play-off meeting with France in November 2009.

The Irish missed out on a place at the 2010 finals as they drew 1-1 in Paris after losing the first leg 1-0 in Dublin - but the decisive goal for France, scored by William Gallas, featured a clear handball by Thierry Henry in the build-up.

However, O'Neill says the current Republic squad have "decided to forget about it".

"It will be a talking point obviously but I don't think it will concern us when we play the game," added O'Neill.

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Endurance

Endurance (also related to sufferance, resilience, and hardiness) is the ability of an organism to exert itself and remain active for a long period of time, as well as its ability to resist, withstand, recover from, and have immunity to trauma, wounds, or fatigue. It is usually used in aerobic or anaerobic exercise. The definition of 'long' varies according to the type of exertion – minutes for high intensity anaerobic exercise, hours or days for low intensity aerobic exercise. Training for endurance can have a negative impact on the ability to exert strength unless an individual also undertakes resistance training to counteract this effect.
Many personnel consider endurance to be an indicator of progress, when strength and cardio training. A person is able to accomplish or withstand a higher amount of effort than their original capabilities means their endurance is increasing expressing improvement. In looking to improve ones endurance they may slowly increase the amount of repetitions or time spent, if higher repetitions are taken rapidly muscle strength improves while less endurance is gained. Increasing endurance has been proven to release endorphins resulting in a positive mind. The act of gaining endurance through physical activity has been shown to decrease anxiety, depression, and stress, or any chronic disease in total. Although a greater endurance can assist the cardiovascular system it does not imply that any cardiovascular disease can be guaranteed to improve. "The major metabolic consequences of the adaptations of muscle to endurance exercise are a slower utilization of muscle glycogen and blood glucose, a greater reliance on fat oxidation, and less lactate production during exercise of a given intensity."
The term stamina is sometimes used synonymously and interchangeably with endurance.
Endurance may also refer to an ability to keep going through a tough situation involving hardship, stress, etc.

See also

• Endurance training
• Long-distance running
• Physical Activity
• Health and Fitness
• Cardiovascular fitness

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Stretching

Stretching is a form of physical exercise in which a specific muscle or tendon (or muscle group) is deliberately flexed or stretched in order to improve the muscle's felt elasticity and achieve comfortable muscle tone. The result is a feeling of increased muscle control, flexibility and range of motion. Stretching is also used therapeutically to alleviate cramps.
In its most basic form, stretching is a natural and instinctive activity; it is performed by humans and many other animals. It can be accompanied by yawning. Stretching often occurs instinctively after waking from sleep, after long periods of inactivity, or after exiting confined spaces and areas.
Increasing flexibility through stretching is one of the basic tenets of physical fitness. It is common for athletes to stretch before and after exercise in order to reduce injury and increase performance.
Stretching can be dangerous when performed incorrectly. There are many techniques for stretching in general, but depending on which muscle group is being stretched, some techniques may be ineffective or detrimental, even to the point of causing tears, hypermobility, instability or permanent damage to the tendons, ligaments and muscle fiber. The physiological nature of stretching and theories about the effect of various techniques are therefore subject to heavy inquiry.

Contents

• 1 Physiology
• 2 Types of stretches
• 3 Benefits
• 4 Detriments
• 5 Flexibility